Epidemiological Analysis of Epilepsy Prevalence in the Pashtun Population: A Comparative Study in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Abstract

Epilepsy is a significant neurological disorder with a high prevalence in low- and middle-income regions, including Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Despite advancements over the past two decades, limited epidemiological data is available regarding the clinical and demographic features of epilepsy in this region. Socioeconomic barriers and cultural factors further impair the treatment gap. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of epilepsy in the Pashtun population of KP, focusing on factors such as age, gender, parental consanguinity, and family history. A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Neurology, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar. Data was collected through structured interviews and questionnaires from epileptic patients admitted to the hospital. The study analyzed demographic and clinical factors, including disease onset, age, gender, parental consanguinity, and family history. Among the surveyed population, males were found to be more affected by epilepsy compared to females. The highest prevalence was observed in individuals aged 11 to 20 years. Many patients reported parental consanguinity, indicating a possible genetic predisposition. Additionally, a family history of epilepsy was frequently observed, further emphasizing the hereditary nature of the disorder in the study population. The study highlights key epidemiological patterns of epilepsy in KP, with a higher prevalence among males and adolescents. The outcomes underscore the importance of addressing genetic factors and implementing targeted public health interventions, including early diagnosis and community education, to reduce the treatment gap and improve regional patient outcomes.